With hormone liverwurst to Olympic Gold

Nandrolone and boar

When discussing the abandonment of piglet castration, the boar and the Eberimpfung, the consumer is often speculated on the Eberimpfung with Improvac about possible reactions. Here then formulations fall as "hormone-like effect" and "engages in sex-hormone balance a" (11).

It must first be noted that the castration itself is probably the ultimate engagement in the hormonal balance.

Nature doping

Often there is no mention that Eber even produce large amounts of the hormone nandrolone and excrete in the urine. Since the 70iger years are studies that nandrolone, also called 19-nortestosterone, the boar (7) and other animals such as horses (6), monkeys (8) or mice (9) prove as a physiological endogenous steroid. It is striking that the highest physiological Nandrolongehalte were detected when Eber (7,18, 19).

Nandrolone is physiologically synthesized from testosterone and has a higher anabolic 20fach potential as testosterone (12). Testosterone is under the influence of LH (luteinizing hormone) produced largely in the Leydig cells in the testes.

also estrogens

Eber produce in addition to androgens in the Leydig cells also have high levels of estrogens, which even exceed the estrogen levels of sows in estrus (20, 21).

doping

Nandrolone is considered a classic among illegal "force makers". Because of muscle growth (anabolic) effect it is in human and in equestrian sports (13) illegally for performance enhancement administered (14,15). why Nandrolone is banned by the International Olympic Committee since 1976. Illegal doping with depot preparations of nandrolone is also known in the gym.

In men and young people, there is no medical indication for nandrolone. Any misuse of the substance as a doping agent may lead to serious endorkinen, metabolic, psychological and other undesirable effects. An application in adolescents, by premature epiphyseal closure to cause stunting (17).

Nandrolone can be used as an additional osteoporosis agent in individual cases for the treatment of osteoporosis of women after menopause (postmenopausal osteoporosis). When side effects are described virilization (masculinization), a deepening of the voice, and an increase in blood pressure.

Illegal Mast Help

Even with fattening animals nandrolone was detected as growth promoters. In the European Union must the substance, regardless of a synthetic or physiological origin, supplied in food-producing animals not be used (16).

Within the National Residue Control Plan fall repeatedly boar on high Nandrologehehalten. Thus, in samples of a boar nandrolone in a concentration of 82,4 ng / kg found. Compared to the usual physiological nandrolone levels in boars this value is indeed increased, but no evidence of a supply of the substance. Evidence of illegal treatment, there was no (3).

Under suspicion

In the past, athletes who tested positive for nandrolone after they had eaten Eberprodukte repeatedly. Many of these alleged "doping offenders had the use of nandrolone vehemently denied. The case of the two swimmers David Meca-Medina and Igor Majcen made in 1999 at the World Cup in Brazil for headlines. The Spaniard and the Slovenian had five days in a row eaten a local delicacy. It contained the liver of a castrated boar. Unforgettable is the "toothpaste affair" to the athletes Dieter Baumann, said nandrolone was allegedly fed unintentionally contaminated toothpaste.

Scientists from Portugal have in 2002 (in the journal "Revista Portuguesa de Ciências Veterinarias") demonstrate that after a meal of uncastrated with liver male pigs urinary metabolites (breakdown products) of the natural hormone nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) are excreted. The concentrations exceeded the doping limits to the ten - to one hundred times the doping limit (1). These results confirm Dutch studies. Here high Nandrolongehalte were noticed in particular sausages, which were prepared using liver pate.

Even French scientists of the "National Veterinary School" succeeded in doping-relevant quantities of nandrolone and its breakdown products in the urine of "test-eaters" prove after they had eaten offal such as liver from uncastrated boars under controlled conditions (2).

What can Improvac?

Improvac is a vaccine that stimulates the immune system of the pig to the formation of specific antibodies to the gonadotropin releasing factor (GnRF). The messenger substance is formed in the hypothalamus and intervenes in the function of the testes. GnRF reaches the bloodstream into the pituitary, where it binds to specific receptors GnRF and causes in this way the production of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). LH and FSH, in turn, travel through the blood to the testicles and cause there that testosterone (5, 10) (precursor of nandrolone) and other Geschlechststeroide how the pheromone androstenone, are formed. As a result of vaccination and the specific antibodies also decreases the amount of androstenone and nandrolone precursor testosterone to the same level on how it is also typical of castrated boars. This also has a positive effect on the animals' behavior.

By GnRH immunization also estrogen plasma concentration is reduced. All sex hormones on basal lowered (12).

The effect of Eberimpfung leaves after six weeks turn slowly, so that then the testicle nandrolone form and the testicles of the boar are fully functional again.

Fairness

With the increase in boar meat companies may be tempted not as specified dispose boar meat with boar taint as K3 material, but the so-called "Stinky meat" to bring a well-seasoned sausages and pies to the customer. The QS-GmbH had let examine such masking techniques already of the University of Goettingen (4). Whether media reports of increased doping allegations against athletes and "hormone liver sausage" in the tabloids are then the reputation of German pork beneficial, may be doubted.

Athletes who consumed pork products shortly before a competition should be a precaution in the future before the competition a doping test carried out in order to not create any suspicion of doping. It could also be labeled "Can anabolic nandrolone contained" to inform health concerned consumers and athletes of fairness.

Sources:

(1) Jorge Barbosa, Alexandre José Galo

Consumo de tecidos ed íveis de porco com elevadas concentrações de nandrolona: consequências em actividades profissionais específicas Consumption of suine edible tissues with height levels of nandrolone: ​​Consequences for specific professional activities

Revista Portuguesa de Ciências Veterinarias (RPCV), 2002, 97 (541) S. 23-28

(2) Le Bizec B, Gaudin I Monteau F, Andre F, Impens S, De wash K, De Brabander H.

Consequence of boar edible tissue consumption on urinary profiles of nandrolone metabolites. I. Mass spectrometric detection and quantification of 19-norandrosterone and 19-noretiocholanolone in human urine.

Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2000; 14 (12) S.1058-65.

(3) Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL)

Reports of food safety 2005

BVL reports, band 1, 2 Bulletin

ISBN 978-3-7643-8402-9, 1662-ISSN 131X (Print); ISSN 1662-1352 (Internet)

(4) Final Project Report "Risk Assessment for castration waiver"

Client: Quality and Safety GmbH, Bonn

Reporting period to 1.3.2010 31.5.2011

? Contractor:. University of Goettingen, Department of Animal Sciences Dept. product customer - quality of animal products (Prof. Dr. Michael Wicke)

Project editor: Lisa Meier Dinkel, Dr. Daniel Mörlein

(5) Hilbe, M., Jaros, P., Ehrensperger, F., Zlinszky, K., Janett, F., Hässig, M., Thun, R., 2006.

Histomorphological and immunohistochemical findings in testes, bulbourethral glands and brain of immunologically castrated male piglets.

Switzerland. Arch. Tierheilk. 2006, 148, 599-608 p.

(6) Dehennin L, Y and Bonnaire Plou P

Urinary excretion of 19-norandrosterone of endogenous origin in one: quantitative analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

J Chromatogr 1999, 721 301 p-307

(7) Ruokonen, A. & Vihko, R.

Steroid metabolism in testis tissue: concentration of unconjugated and sulfated steroids in neutral boar testis, J. Steroid Biochem. (1974) 5, 33-38 p.

(8) Milewich L., and Axelrod LR.

Testosterone metabolism by placental microsomes from baboons. Identification of 19-nortestosterone and 19-4 nor-androstenedione,

J. Steroid Biochem. 1979, 10 241 p-243,

(9) Sulcova J, Rafter J and L Starka

19-Nortestosterone in mouse kidney

Endocrinol Exp 1979, 13 225 p-235

(10) Zamaratskaia G., Rydhmer, L., Andersson, K., Chen G., K. Andersson, Lowagie, S., A. Madej, Lundström, K,

Long-term effect of vaccination against gonadotropin-releasing hormone, using ImprovacTM, on hormonal profile and behavior of male pigs.

Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2008, 108, 37-48 p.

(11) Jaeger, F

Legal issues in the use of medicines in the castration of piglets

Expert symposium "renunciation of piglet castration - practical experience and perspectives" 25. June 2013 in Berlin

(12) Metz, C.

Endocrine reactions from boars to active immunization against gonadotropin releasing hormone

Dissertation, Department of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Giessen, 2003

(13) Affliction FR and Nuremberg MC.

Doping in equestrian sport

In Dietz O and Huskamp B (ed) Handbook equine practice, Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, 1999, S. 65 - 80

(14) Nandrolone Progress Report to the UK Sports Council from the Expert Committee

Nandrolone on February 2003

(15) World Anti-Doping Agency: The World Anti-Doping Code.

(16) Official Journal of the EC no. L 125 from 23.05.1996, 10 S.

(17) Frisoli A. Chaves PHM Pinheiro MM, VL Szejnfeld

The effect of nandrolone decanoate on bone mineral density, muscle mass, and hemoglobin levels in elderly women with osteoporosis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Journal of Gerontology, 2005, 60A, 5, 648-653 S.

(18) Debruyckere G, Van Peteghem C, De Brabander H and M Debackere

Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric confirmation of 19-nortestosterone in the urine of untreated boars-effect of the administration of Laurabolin.

Vet Quart 1990, 12, 246-250 S.

(19) Rizzo FA, Alitupa E, Hirvi T, Berg S, brain and J Leinonen A

Determination of 19-nortestosterone in finnish boar plasma and urine samples

Anal Chim Acta, 1993, 275, 135-138 S.

(20) Claus R., D. Schopper, Wagner H.-G.

Seasonal effects on steroids in blood plasma and seminal plasma of boars

J. Steroid Biochem. 1983, 19, S. 725 - 729

(21) Claus R., Hoang-Vu C., Ellendorff F., Meyer HD, Schopper D., Weiler U.

Seminal oestrogens of the boar: origin and functions in the sow

J. Steroid Biochem. 1987, 27, S. 331 - 335

thanksgiving

 

This article was first in www.animal-health-online.de  appeared. We thank Dr. Manfred Stein for permission to reprint.

Source: Gyhum [Dr. Manfred Stein - animal-health-online.de]